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Mars-96

RD-0124

Venera-72 No. 671 (Kosmos-482)

Luch-5A

ExoMars

Phobos (Fobos) 1/2 missions

Anatomy of the Soyuz pad in Kourou

Stage III of the Soyuz rocket

Rheinbote

Phobos-Grunt mission scenario

PTK-Z

ROCKETS

ALPHABETICAL INDEX

Astronomy: a prequel to space flight

ROCKETS (section home)

Historical milestones

Rocketry before the 20th century

History of Gas-Dynamics Laboratory, GDL

History of Rocket Scientific Research Institute, RNII

German rocketry during World War II

Kummersdorf: Origin of the German rocket development program

Rheinbote

German legacy in the Soviet rocketry

French rocketry

American rocketry

Types of modern rocketry

Ballistic missiles (overview)

Space boosters (overview)

Submarine missiles (overview)

Cruise missiles (overview)

Individual rocket systems

MSBS submarine-based ballistic missile (France)

NK-33 first stage engine

Pioneer

PPTS launch vehicle

RD-0146

Proton

Proton missions in 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011
Proton/JCSAT-11 launch accident

R-16

Nedelin disaster

Soyuz (rocket family)

Sputnik (rocket)

SSBS silo-based ballistic missiles (France)

Zenit's second stage
The Zenit-3SL rocket failure on the Sea Launch platform

Upper stages, space tugs

Fregat space tug

Dvina electrically propelled space tug

SPACECRAFT

SPACECRAFT (section home)

Early experimental satellites:

Sputnik (Section home)

Sputnik-2

Manned space flight:

Reusable spacecraft (Abstract page)

Myasishev Project 48: Early Soviet attempt to develop reusable spacecraft

Raketoplan/Kosmoplan: Vladimir Chelomei's early attempt to develop reusable and planetary spacecraft

The pioneers (1946-1963): Vostok and Voskhod projects;

The Moon Race (1961-1974): The early Soyuz spacecraft and its missions, L1, N-1/L3 programs; The Moon Race;

Soyuz

History
- Overview of the Soyuz spacecraft development history
Mods

Hardware

Missions
- Soyuz-1

Russian plans for Mars expeditions

The first space stations (1969-1985): Salyut-1-7 programs;

The Almaz military space station program:

History:

Origin of the Almaz project

Development of the Almaz station

Excalibur-Almaz

Almaz hardware:

Almaz technical description

The TKS heavy transport ship

Almaz missions:

Progress cargo ship

In depth: Mission of Progress M-58 cargo ship

Progress cargo ship with retrievable capsule

Progress cargo ship for lunar orbit missions

Spiral development

Technical description of the Spiral orbiter

Buran reusable orbiter

LKS: Vladimir Chelomei's alternative to Buran

The Mir space station

Mir's close calls

Mir chronology

Mir modules:

International Space Station (ISS)

US roots of the ISS

Assured Crew Return Vehicle, ACRV

ISS development

Russian segment of the ISS

FGB

Zvezda Service Module

MIM1 Rassvet module

NEP

Docking Compartment

Enterprise

FGB-2

Node Module

European segment of the ISS

Columbus laboratory module

Automated Transfer Vehicle, ATV

ATV development history

ATV design

ATV-1 Jules Verne mission

Possible future configurations of the ATV vehicle

Atmospheric Reentry Demonstrator, ARD

ISS mission chronology

Future missions to the ISS

Soyuz missions to the ISS

Soyuz TM-32 (Dennis Tito's mission to the ISS)

Soyuz TM-33 (A Russo-French commercial mission)

Soyuz TM-34 (A Russo-Italian commercial mission)

Soyuz TMA-1 (A Russo-Belgian commercial mission)

Soyuz TMA-2 (The 7th long-duration expedition to the ISS)

Soyuz TMA-3 (The 8th long-duration expedition to the ISS)

Soyuz TMA-4 (The 9th long-duration expedition to the ISS)

Soyuz TMA-5 (The 10th long-duration expedition to the ISS)

Soyuz TMA-6 (The 11th long-duration expedition to the ISS)

Soyuz TMA-7 (The 12th long-duration expedition to the ISS)

Soyuz TMA-8 (The 13th long-duration expedition to the ISS)

Soyuz TMA-9 (The 14th long-duration expedition to the ISS)

Soyuz TMA-10 (The 15th long-duration expedition to the ISS)

Soyuz TMA-11 (The 16th long-duration expedition to the ISS)

Soyuz TMA-12 (The 17th long-duration expedition to the ISS)

Soyuz TMA-13 (The 18th long-duration expedition to the ISS)

Soyuz TMA-14 (The 19th long-duration expedition to the ISS)

Soyuz TMA-15 (The 20th long-duration expedition to the ISS)

Soyuz TMA-16 (The 21/22nd long-duration expedition to the ISS)

Soyuz TMA-17 (The 22/23th long-duration expedition to the ISS)

Soyuz TMA-18 (The 23/24th long-duration expedition to the ISS)

Soyuz TMA-19 (The 24/25th long-duration expedition to the ISS)

Soyuz TMA-01M (The 25/26th long-duration expedition to the ISS)

Soyuz TMA-20 (The 26/27th long-duration expedition to the ISS)

Soyuz TMA-21 (The 27/28th long-duration expedition to the ISS)

Soyuz TMA-02M (The 28/29th long-duration expedition to the ISS)

Soyuz TMA-03M (The 30/31st long-duration expedition to the ISS)

Soyuz TMA-04M (The 31/32nd long-duration expedition to the ISS)

Kliper, a potential replacement for the Soyuz spacecraft (abstract page)

A follow-on to the TKS spacecraft

Advanced Crew Transportation System, ACTS

OPSEK

Lunar Orbital Station, LOS

NASA's Space Exploration Initiative, SEI

Unmanned planetary spacecraft:

Plans for unmanned missions to planets
- Missions to comets and asteroids

Military spacecraft (section home)

Application spacecraft (section home)

BelKA
Elektro-L
Galileo: Europe's satellite navigation network
Globalstar-2
GLONASS-K
Meteor
Resurs-DK
Sich-2
Sterkh

Communications satellites

Ekspress comsat

Ekspress-AM4

Gonets comsat

Gorizont comsat

KazSat comsat

Luch relay satellites

Luch-5A

Science spacecraft (Section home)

AUOS spacecraft bus
COROT astronomy satellite of the French space agency, CNES, launched by the Russian Soyuz-2.1b rocket
Compass
Cosmos-1 solar sailing spacecraft
Foton
Koronas-Foton
Navigator platform
Spektr-R home page
Spektr-RG

CENTERS

CENTERS (section home)

Launch sites

Baikonur

The origin of a test range in Tyuratam

Early years of a test range in Tyuratam

Secrecy around Tyuratam

Art of Baikonur

Baikonur regions and facilities (overview)

R-9 facilities

R-36 facilities

R-36M facilities

Residential area at Site 10

Baikonur downrange

Road to Baikonur

Soyuz launch facility

Tsyklon launch facilities

Zenit launch facilities

Dombarovsky

Kapustin Yar

Testing of the A-4 (V-2) rocket in Kapustin Yar

Kourou

Plesetsk

Sea Launch, a sea-based launch site

Svobodny

Ground control facilities

Space industry

Origin of the Soviet rocket and space industry

Russian space industry in the first decade of the 21st century

Russian space industry in the 2010s

PEOPLE

PEOPLE (section home)

Scientists and engineers

Politicians

Reagan

CHRONOLOGY

CHRONOLOGY (section home)

Moon race

Missile race

Chronology of deep space exploration

Space exploration in the 20th century

Space exploration in the 21st century

Russian space program in 2000-2009

Space exploration in 2001

Space exploration in 2002

Space exploration in 2003

Space exploration in 2004

Security 2004 military exercise

Paris air and space show in Le Bourget, 2005

Space exploration in 2006

Space exploration in 2007

Space exploration in 2008

Berlin air and space show, ILA-2008

Space exploration in 2009

Paris air and space show in Le Bourget, 2009

Moscow air and space show, MAKS-2009

Russian space program in 2010-2020

Space exploration in 2010

Farnborough air show

International Astronautical Congress 2010

Space exploration in 2011

Paris Air and Space Show in Le Bourget

Moscow Air and Space Show, MAKS-2011

Space exploration in 2012

Space exploration in 2013

Space exploration in 2014

Space exploration in 2015

Space exploration in 2016

Space exploration in 2017

Space exploration in 2018

Space exploration in 2019

Space exploration in 2020

OP-ED

2004: Critique of Bush's space plan

2010: End of the Constellation program

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