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The overview of the early Russian manned space flight projects.
|
Project
(official) name
|
Development
name(s) |
First
launch |
Principal
developer |
Description
|
| Stratospheric
Bomber |
-
|
-
|
NII-1
|
A study
of a stratospheric bomber based on the German Sanger-Bredt project
developed during World War II. |
| VR-190 |
-
|
-
|
NII-4
|
A project
of the A-4-derived manned rocket for suborbital flights. |
| Vostok |
1K;
1KP; 3KA
|
1960
|
OKB-1
|
One-man
spacecraft; Six manned launches in 1961-1963 |
| Voskhod |
3KV
|
1964
|
OKB-1
|
Three-man
spacecraft; One manned launch in 1964 |
| Voskhod-2 |
3KD
|
1965
|
OKB-1
|
Two-man
spacecraft for an EVA test; One manned launch in 1965 |
The
overview of the missions within Vostok and Voskhod programs.
|
Official
name
|
Development
name(s) |
Launch
date |
Duration
|
Crew
|
Mission
details |
| Korabl-Sputnik |
1KP
|
May
15, 1960
|
-
|
-
|
Due
to wrong orientation entered higher orbit instead of reentering Earth
atmosphere. |
| Korabl-Sputnik |
1K
|
July
28 , 1960
|
-
|
-
|
Launcher
failed at T+28.5 second. Dogs Chaika and Lisichka were killed. |
| Korabl-Sputnik |
1K
|
Aug.
19, 1960
|
-
|
-
|
Soft-landed
with dogs Belka and Strelka |
| Korabl-Sputnik |
1K
|
Dec.
1 , 1960
|
-
|
-
|
Destroyed
during reentry. Dogs Pchelka and Mushka were killed. |
| Korabl-Sputnik |
1K
|
Dec.
22, 1960
|
-
|
-
|
Launcher
failed at T+425 seconds. Reentry capsule landed. Dogs Kometa and Shutka
survived. |
| Korabl-Sputnik |
3KA
#1
|
March
9, 1961
|
-
|
-
|
Soft-landed
with dog Chernushka |
| Korabl-Sputnik |
3KA
#2
|
March
25, 1961
|
-
|
-
|
Soft-landed
with dog Zvezdochka |
| Vostok |
3KA
#3
|
April
12, 1961
|
108
minutes
|
Y.
Gagarin
|
World's
first manned space flight (One orbit) |
| Vostok-2 |
3KA
#4
|
August
6, 1961
|
25
hours
|
G.
Titov
|
- |
| Vostok-3 |
3KA
#5
|
August
11, 1962
|
94
hours
|
A.
Nikolaev
|
Passed
close to Vostok-4 |
| Vostok-4 |
3KA
#6
|
August
12, 1962
|
71
hours
|
P.
Popovich
|
Passed
close to Vostok-3 |
| Vostok-5 |
3KA
#7
|
June
14, 1963
|
120
hours
|
V.
Bykovskiy
|
- |
| Vostok-6 |
3KA
#8
|
June
16, 1963
|
72
hours
|
V.
Tereshkova
|
- |
| Cosmos-47 |
3KV
|
Oct.
6, 1964
|
1
day
|
-
|
First
use of 11A57 launcher. The reentry capsule was dragged by the wind
after landing. |
| Voskhod |
3KV
|
Oct.
12, 1964
|
24
hours
|
V.
Komarov K.Feoktistov B.Egorov
|
First
multi-member crew. |
| Cosmos-57 |
3KD
|
Feb.
22, 1965
|
-
|
-
|
Destroyed
in orbit. |
| Voskhod-2 |
3KD
|
March
18, 1965
|
-
|
P.Belayev
A.Leonov
|
Leonov
conducted the world's first EVA. |
| Cosmos-110 |
3KV#5
|
Feb.
22, 1966
|
20
days
|
-
|
Flight
with dogs Ugolek and Veterok onboard. |
| Voskhod-3 |
3KV#6
|
canceled
|
-
|
-
|
20-day
mission planned the spring of 1966 for military experiments. |
| Voskhod-4 |
3KV#7
|
canceled
|
-
|
-
|
Artificial
gravity experiment with a tethered Block I upper stage of the 11A57
launcher. |
|
PICTURE
GALLERY
The early
version of the Vostok spacecraft. Copyright © 2001 Anatoly Zak
The reentry
container, which returned live animals to Earth after the test flights
of the Vostok spacecraft. Copyright © 2001 Anatoly Zak
Pre-launch
processing of the Vostok spacecraft. Credit: RKK Energia
The
launch of the Vostok spacecraft. Credit: RKK Energia
The
mockup of the 1st stage engine which propelled the Vostok rocket. Copyright © 2001 Anatoly Zak
The
interior of the Vostok reentry capsule. Copyright © 2001 Anatoly
Zak
A
close-up view of the SIS-1-3KA pilot control panel of the Vostok spacecraft. Copyright
© 2001 Anatoly Zak
A mockup
of the breaking engine of the Vostok spacecraft. Copyright © 2001
Anatoly Zak
The
Vostok spacecraft reentry capsule and the protective pressure suit. Copyright
© 2001 Anatoly Zak
All cosmonauts flying onboard Vostok spacecraft were wearing the SK-1 "full-pressure" suits. Click to enlarge. Copyright
© 2002 Anatoly Zak
The Vostok
spacecraft ejection seat. Copyright © 2001 Anatoly Zak
The
actual reentry capsule of the Vostok-6 spacecraft, the Gagarin's capsule
is on the background. Copyright © 2001 Anatoly Zak
A
monument to Yuri Gagarin faces the rising Moon over the Baikonur
Cosmodrome's Site 2, where the first
cosmonaut of the planet spent his last night before the historic flight in April 1961. Copyright © 2001 Anatoly Zak
Voskhod (3KV)
spacecraft. Copyright
© 2001 Anatoly Zak
The reentry
capsule of the Voskhod-2 spacecraft with an attached copy of the airlock
and the mannequin illustrating the spacewalk by Alexei Leonov. Copyright
© 2001 Anatoly Zak
|
