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Amur-SPG launch vehicle

Special section written and illustrated by Anatoly Zak; Editor: Alain Chabot

In the 2020s, Roskosmos attempted to develop a partially reusable rocket propelled by methane engines and intended to replace the Soyuz family of rockets.


Amur

The Amur-SPG rocket as of 2026:

Specification
2026
Main body diameter
4.1 meters
Length
?
Payload to LEO from Vostochny (51.7 deg.)

9.5 tons (reusable)
10.8 (expendable)

Payload to Sun-synchronous orbit

6.0 tons

Payload to geostationary orbit

1.2 tons

Liftoff mass
360 tons
Stage I
Stage I propellant
Liquid oxygen/liquid methane
Stage II
Stage II propellant
Liquid oxygen/liquid methane
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DEVELOPMENT HISTORY
methane

2015: Methane-burning Soyuz-5

Despite budget cuts at the end of 2015, the Russian government promised to give the go ahead to the development of a new launcher family, which could finally replace the medium-class Soyuz and Zenit rockets.

Amur

2021: Roskosmos begins preliminary design of a returnable rocket (INSIDER CONTENT)

In the early 2020s, Russian engineers initiated the design of the methane-propelled rocket in an effort to build a reusable launch system aiming to compete with American rockets and similar vehicles emerging in China.

Amur

2023-2024: Returnable rocket enters Technical Design (INSIDER CONTENT)

In 2023, the Russian project of a reusable methane-burning rocket, called Amur-SPG, reached the Technical Design phase, which is the second stage in the development of a vehicle on the drawing board after the preliminary design, according to Russian standards.

amur_spg

2026: Project slows down (INSIDER CONTENT)

Roskosmos reported some progress in the Amur-SPG project tasked with the development of a partially reusable replacement to the Soyuz family of rockets, even though the debut of the rocket slipped to the 2030s.

AMUR-SPG TECH

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rd0169

New engine paves the way to reusable launcher (INSIDER CONTENT)

Specialists at the KBKhA propulsion center in Voronezh began manufacturing components of an experimental methane-burning engine, which is considered a major step toward a returnable booster stage.

 

amur

Launch facility for Amur-SPG (INSIDER CONTENT)

Starting in 2023, Roskosmos began planning facilities for the Amur-SPG rocket (INSIDER CONTENT) which was expected to include a launch pad and at least two landing sites downrange from Vostochny for its reusable first stage.

All articles, photos and illustrations inside this section by Anatoly Zak unless stated otherwise. All rights reserved

Last update: March 15, 2026